Typewriting machine



May 26, 1925.

E/EI. BARNEY VIIYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Jul 12. 192: 2 Sheets-$heet 1;

WITNESSES INVENTUR V @MAD HIE ATTORNEY may 26, 1925.

1.539 ,009 E. E. BARNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Jul iz. 192s 2 sheets-sheet 2 IISNVENTUR 2%. m.

HIE ATTURNEY i'al Patented May 26, 1925 UNITED snwm E meter. or New sooaaeaa n w assesses o asse so ena- WRITER COMPANY or .9191: seareserloa' a New was 'rvrnwnrrrne Macrame,

Application filed July 12,

T aZZ whom it vmay concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN E. BARNEY, citizen of the United States, and resident of New Rochelle, in the county of lVestchester and State of New York, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Typewriting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to typewriting and like machines, and more particularly to carriage escapement mechanism therefor.

Ordinarily, a single escapement rack or wheel is driven or advanced by the carriage, and by the power employed to move the carriage in its letter teed movements.

The feed rack or wheel in such constructions is therefore ted in unison with the carriage and cannot move to advance the carriage ahead of the latter. It often results in constructions of the character specified that an operator may write two or more letters at the same point, or substantially the same point, on the paper before the carriage has had time to move the requisite distance to provide a separate letter space for each character written. In these circumstances it is dii'licult to correct an int properly written .word, since there is not suilicient room to insert the word that it was intended to write in the space occupied by the erroneously written word with the piled or doubled letters therein. In certain classes of work, where accuracy of spacing is essential, this defect is quite annoying since it may require the entire re-writing of a large sheet.

One of the main objects of my invention is to overcome this defect and to provide a simple, highly efficient and rapid escapement 2. echanisin by which each character written will be accorded a full letter space, no matter how sluggish the movement of the carriage may be. While this may not prevent the piling or doubling of letters, it will nevertheless provide a space for each character written, so that after erasing an improperly written word with piled letters the proper word may be written in place thereof.

A further object of my invention is to provide an escapement mechanism of the character specified that may be readily embodied in existing typewriting machines, such, for example,'as the Nos. 10 and 11 temington :machines, without materially 1e22,. Serial No. 650,996.

modifying the structural features thereof as they nowxis I re the above and othe ends which. will ereina ter appear, my inven on consists in he feat res of c nstruc i n, arra ge.- men s of parts a d o mbinat nsof vices set forth in the following description and particularly pointed out 'Zin'the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like r ference cha ac er indi a e cor sponding parts in the diiierent views,

Figure 1 is a f gm nta y or on -at vertical sectional view of an improved N0. Remington machine equipped with the devices of my invention; the sectionthrough the escapement mechanism in said view being taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 5, and looking in the direction of the arrows at saidline.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary face view of a work sheet with characters on an enlarged scale written thereon .to aid in arriving at anunderstanding of the invention.

Figures 3-6, inclusive, are enlargeddetail fragmentary rear elevations with parts in section of the escapement mechanism and associated features; the viewsindicating the variation in the operation of the .escapen ent under varying conditions of use. I have shown my invention in the present instance embodied in an'in'iproved No. 10 Remington machine, but have illustrated only so" much otsaid machine as is necessary to arrive at an understanding of the invention in its inclusion therein. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not restricted to embodiment in such machines but may be used in typewriting and like machines generally, wherever found available.

' The frame of the machine comprises a base i, carriage t is mounted in the usual manner to travel overthe top plate from sideto side oithe machine andcarries a plateno. The arriage is powerdriven, being propelled in the direction of its feed, 'or from right to left, b ya springdrumli connected to the carriage by a' pull band 7 and held against movement in the direction of its feed by the escapement mechanism.

in the present instance the dogs by which the feel the carriage is controlled are, or may be, constructed and operated in the corner posts 2, and a top plate 3. A

usual manner. Thus there is a holding dog 8 fixed on a pivoted dog rocker 9, and a stepping dog 10 normally engaged by the escapement wheel is pivoted at ll on the dog rocker. A spring 12 is connected at one end to a pin on the dog rocker 9 and at the other end to an arm on the stepping dog 10 to advance the latter when it is released from the escapement wheel on the down stroke of a key. On the return movement of the key the dog rocker will be returned to normal position by its spring 9, and the escapement wheel will be released from the holding dog 8 and the stepping dog will be thrown into the path of the next advancing tooth of the wheel. As the carriage advances one step or letter space distance the escapement wheel bearing against the stepping dog will return it to normal position against the force of its spring 12.

-Ihe dog rocker may be controlled by any suitable means from the printing keys 13 and the space key 14.- In the present instance each type bar 15 has an engaging edge or projection 16 at its heel which coacts with the universal bar 17 to move the latter rearwardly as the type bar approaches the printing position on the depression of a printing key. This movement is transmitted to the dog rocker through an intermediate train of connections including arms 18 on the universal bar connected at their rear ends to arms 19 on a rock shaft 20. A centrally disposed arm 21 on this rock shaft is operatively connected with the forward end of an actuating link 22, which in turn is operatively connected at its rear end. with a headed pin 23 carried by the dog rocker.

Mot-ion is transmitted from the space key to the dog rocker through the arms 24 which support said key and are fixed to a rock shaft 25. A centrally disposed arm 26 fixed to this shaft carries an adjustable member 27. Said member 27 is operatively connected with the lever 28, pivoted at 29, to a bracket 30; the upper end of said lever extending in front of the lug 31 on. the link 22. A depression of the space key transmits a rearward movement to the link 22, thus rocking the dog rocker.

In the present instance feed movement is transmitted to the escapement wheel from the carriage as follows: A feed rack 32 is carried by the carriage by-arms 33 pivoted at 34 on the carriage. The feed rack meshes with the feed pinion 35 that is adapted to turn with a supporting shaft 36 during the forward feed of the carriage, and to turn independently of the shaft during the return movement of the carriage. The shaft 36 is mounted toturn on a fixed axis in bearings 36 carried by a rigid bracket. The feed pinion is connected through an intermediate sleeve 37 with a wheel 38 having internal ratchet teeth with which the usual backing pawl 38 engages. This pawl is pivoted on a pin 39 secured to a rotative member, support or carrier 40 that has a hub 41 secured to the shaft 36 by screws 42, a single escapement wheel 43 being mounted on the rotative member 40. The escapement wheel is thus mounted to turn on a fixed aXis and is held against bodily movement.

As thus far described the construction is like that employed in the improved No. 10 and the No. 12 Remington machines. However, in such machines the escapement wheel is fixedly connected to the rotative member 40, and is driven wholly by the power employed to move the carriage and cannot advance independently thereof. In accordance with my present invention the escapement wheel is mounted on the member 40 so as to be capable of having a limited independent advance movement thereon for purposes which will hereinafter appear. Thus the escapement wheel 43 is provided with hearing portions 44 by which the wheel is rotatively supported on a circular, shouldered bearing portion 45 of the member 40. The body portion of the escapement wheel has three concentrically ar-' ranged slots 46 therein, and also has the usual single series of peripheral teeth a, b, d, etc. Extending through-each slot 46 is a stem of a headed and shouldered screw 47 received at its threaded end in a tapped opening in the member 40. The head of each screw 47 overlaps the body of the wheel and holds it against rearward displacement from its supporting member or carrier 40, whereas the shouldered stem of each screw coacts with the end walls 48 and 49 of the slot 46 in which it is received to limit the rotativc movement of the wheel relatively to its carrier 40. In the present instance the extent of lost motion, due to the pin and slot connection between the escapement wheel and its carrier, corresponds to three teeth of the escapement wheel, or three. letter space steps of the carriage, although this distance may be varied according to conditions. as will presently appear. A coiled contractile spring 50 is connected at one end to one of the screws 42, whereas the other end of said spring is connected to a pin 51 which projects from the rear side of the escapement wheel. The spring 50 thus connects the. escapement wheel with. the rotative member 40, and the force of the spring tends to acvance the wheel relatively to said member 40 from the normal position shown in Fig. 3, to any one of the positions shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6, depending on circumstances. This enables the escapement wheel to be rapidly advanced by the spring- 50 letter space distance at each complete operation of a printing key or the space key. and to receive such moveill) inent ahead of the 't'eed movement of'the carriage ii the latter should for any reason 'ot the operation of this construction and certain of the advantages which flow from its use will now be set forth. Where the conditions are ideal in typewriting machines generally, and the operator is not too rapid or erratic in operating; the ma.- chine, the writing produced on the work sheet should appear as indicated in the first line 52 of the work sheet 53, shown in Fig. 2. lt will be observed that in this line there are no piled up or doubled characters, each character written being accorded its proper space and position in the line. llowever, there are few, if any. i'nachines in which, at times and under certain conditions, the characters will not be piled up as indicated at5 l: in the second line This line represents the repeated WOt'tl work with piled letters at as, substantiall as they appear when written on a machine in which the cscapementwheel or rack moves in unison with the feed of the carriage. Each of the dotted lines 56 represents a. letter spec. position. It will be observed that there are sixteen of these dotted lines, each represent ing a letter space position of the word work, written four times in the first line where each letter is accorded its proper space. It. will be seen, however, that in the second line the first sixteen characters are crowded into twelve spaces and that there is insnthcient room to correctly rewrite the word work tour timeswithin the allotted twelve spaces; The third line 5'? indicates the word work assumed to be written four times on a machine embodying the present invention, and wherein two piled letters appear at each point and three piled letters appear at the point It will be seen that in this line a space is recorded for each written character even though. in five instances two or more letters are piled one on top of another. It, therefore, this erroneously written in 'er is erased, the word work may be written our times in the allotted .een spaces; the rte-writing appearing as it is represented in the first line 52 on the work sheet.

I will now describe more in detail just how the escapement acts to accord a letter space to each character written-even though certain of the characters be piled one on top oi another. Referring particularly to Figs. #6, inclusive, it should be understood that Fig. 3 shows the parts as they appear in the normal position, or when at rest. It the speed of the carriage is suliicient to meet the requirements of the operator, and is as fast that of the escapement wheel, then motion transmitted -troin the through the feed rack 32, feed pinion 35 and the rotative member will cause the eccapement wheel to move in. unison with the carriage and the characters may be written without piling or doubling, as indicated in the line 52 on the work sheet. However, it is seldom that the comparatively heavy carriage, and the train of operative connections from the carriage to the escapement wheel, be moved as rapidly the carriage light escapement wheel under the action of 7 its spring 50. In most instances, therefore, the escapement wheel will be advanced by its spring ahead of the rotative member 40 and the carriage which controls the advance movement of the latter. The extent of this advance of the escapement wheel over thecarriage controlled member 40 will vary, oending on circumstances. In order that be made clear 1 have shown in p 4t, 5 and 6, three different extents of independent advance movement ofthe c .pem'ent wheel corresponding respectively to one, two and three letter spaces. I have assumed for simplicity of illustration that the carriage has not moved. at all while a single operation of a key permits an inde pendent advance movement of the escapement wheel from the Fig. 3 to the Fig. 4 position under the action of its spring 50'; the feed rack 32 and the'carriage subsequently advancing from the full to the dotted line'positions shown in Fig. 4, or one letter space. In Fig. 5 I have assumedthat the escapement. wheel has moved two steps in advance of the carriage, or from the Fig. '1 to the Fig. 5 position by two successive operations or" a printing key or the space key; the feed rack and carriage subsequently moving two letter spaces from the full to the dotted line position indicated in Fig. 5.

Fig. 6 represents an independent advance movement of the escapement wheel three steps or letter space distances beyond the Fig. 3 position at three successive opera tions of a key; the carriage and feed rack moving subsequently from the full to the dotted. line position in Fig. 6, or the distance of three teeth ot the feed rack. I have represented the feed rack and carriage as riage is held against advance movement.v

Nevertheless, it will be'understood that in practice the carriage'may beadvancing at as the escapement wheel but the same time at a lower rate of speed. Thus while it may be possible under certain conditions to write two and even three characters, one on top of another. or sub tantially so, while the carriage is advancing but one space in a ma chine of the character described, it is be lieved not to be possible to write more than three characters in such a machine wnile the carriage is advancin' but one space. Moreover, three characters may be written substantially one on top of another in such a machine only when it is operated under the most disadvant e as conditions. Of course the more slu ish the movement of the carriage, the more apt is a speedy operator to double the ettcrs. Sluggishness in the movement of the carriage may be due to its weight, to the amount of power iloyed to move it, to the resistance ofis. ed to the movement of the carirage, etc., etc. However, practice has demonstrated that in the machine in which the invention has been embodied, an extreme independent advance movement of the escapement wheel for three letter spaces will suflice for the most disadvantageous conditions of use. Such a condition is encountered, for example, when the carriage spring is reduced to its lowest point of effectiveness, when the carriage employed is a comparatively heavy one, and the machine is given the severest test by the spccdiest of operators. Such cx treme conditions are seldom met with in practice but are given to illustrate the accuraicy of feed of the escapement wheel under the most adverse of conditions. From what has been said it will be understood that the extreme extent of independentmovement required of the escapement wheel may be varied considerably, depending on circumstances; such as the character of the machine in which the invention may be employed, the weight of the carriage and parts driven thereby to turn the escapement wheel, the amount of resistance offered to the movement of such parts, the amount of power employed to move the carriage, the resistance offered, ifany, to the movement of the carriage by theribbon feed and reversing means, the bell trip, line lock, etc.

Therefore, while I have in the present instance disclosed a construction in which the extreme independent advance of the escapement wheel is three letter spaces, this amount may be va ied as required by the conditions presented and the particular character of typewriting machine in which the invention is embodied. The extreme amount of independent movement ot the wheel, indicated herein, is sufficient to meet the severest con dition of use in a machine of the character in which the invention is shown embodied In order to prevent a backward movement of the escapement wheel when the carriage is returned to the right, and thus maintain gage teeth 65 formed in'the periphery of the rotative carrier 40. A hook-like engagmg member 66 is formed on the pawl and made with the bracket 63 to limit the pivotal movement oi the pawl away from the engaging position, and thus prevent the pawl from being turned to a position where i may not properly act'by gravity to coact with the teeth 65 when the machine is in use.

When the carriage is drawn'back to the right, the feed pinion and the wheel 38 receive a backward rotation independently ot the shaft 36 and the escapement wheel. The pawl 38 at this time enables such independent movcment of the pinion 85 and the wheel 38 to take place, while the member and the escapementwheel shaft are held against backward movement by the pawl 60.

it will be understoodfrom what has been said that the invention as it is disclosed in the present instance may be readily embodied in an improved No. 10 or in a No. 12 Remington machine without materially m'odifying the structural features of said machine as they now exist, the changes in the main consisting in connecting the escapement wheel to its carrier 40 by a lost motion connection 46, 4:7 and the addition of the spring to advance such wheel independently of the carrier.

Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention.

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage, and escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel held against bodily movement, and means for advancing said escapement wheel rotatively in the direction of its feed relatively to the advance of the carriage for more than a letter space distance in the ordinary control of the escapement wheelby the printing or space keys, one letter space advance of the wheel being effected at each actuation of one of said keys.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combina tion of a power driven carriage, and escapement mechanism comprising an escapenient wheel held against bodily'movcment, a holding dog, a stepping dog, and means which enable the escapement wheel to be advanced relatively to the advance of the carri'age-jduring the control of said wheel by the feed dogs.

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination ofa power driven carriage, and escapement mechanism comprising an escapenient wheel, a feed rack carried by the carriage,

a feed pinion with which said rack meshes, a lost motion connection between said. feed pinion and escapement wheel, a spring which tends'to advance the escapement wheei to the limit of said lost motion connection, a stepping dog, and a holding deg co-operatire with said escapement wheel.

in a typewriting machine, the combina tion a power driven carriage; and escapement mechanism which permits letter teed advance of the escapement relativeiy to the carriage, comprising a single escapement wheel that turns on a fixed axis, feed dogs that coact th rewith, and means adapted to bring about a complete letter space advance oi the escapement wheel ahead of a complete letter teed oi the carriage by a power independent of that employed to move the carriage. e V I i 5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; and escapement mechanism which permits letter feed advance of the escapement relatively to the carriage comprising a single escapement wheel that turns on a fixed axis, teed dogs that coact therewith, intermediate driving connections between the carriage and said escapement wheel including a lost motion connection that permits the escapement wheel to advance a full letter space inclepend'ently of and ahead of the carriage, and a spring for thus advancing said wheel.

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; and escapement mechanism comprising an escape ment wheel which turns on a fixed axis and is turned by the power employed to movethe carriage, means which enable said wheel to be advanced before thecarriage advances, and stepping and holding dogs coacting with said wheel.

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage, a feed rack carried thereby, a feed pinion turned by said rack, an escapement wheel, a lost motion connection between said feed pinion and escapement wheel that enables the latter to advance independently of the feed pinion a limited distance, a spring connected to said escapement wheel for effecting said independent advance movement thereof, and stepping and holding dogs coacting with sald wheel.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage, an escapement wheel that turns on a fixed axis and each step-by-step advance movement of which under control of thekeys determines the advance of the carriage one letter space, and means whereby said wheel may be ad vanced under control of the keys independently of the carriage more than a single step.

9. In a typewriting machine, the oombination of a power driven carriage, a feed rack carried thereby, a feed pinion with which said rack meshes, a rotative member operatively connected to turn with said feed inion as the carriage moves in a letter teed direction, an escapement wheel con nected to turn with said rotative member and to advance independently thereof for a limited cistaiice, a spring connected to said rotative member and to the escapement wheel and operative to effect said independent ad Vance movement of the latter, and stepping and holding dogs which coact with the es capement wheel.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage, a rotative member turned by the advance movement of the carriage, a single escapement wheel so connected with said rotative member that the twow-ill turn together and the escapement wheel may advance a' limited dis tance relatively to said member, and a spring between said rotative member and escapement wheel for effecting such relative advance moventient of the escapement wheel whereby the escapement wheel may turn a full letter space distance before the carriage is fed a like distance. 7

vll. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven car iage, a rotative member operatively connected to the carriage to he turned by the teed movement of the carriage and permit a return movement ot'the carriage without turning said member, an escapement wheel so connected with said rotative member that the two will. turn together and the wheel may advance relatively to said member limited distance of more than a letter space, teeth on said rotative member, and a pawl that engages said teeth and prevents a backward rotation of said member when the carriage is moved backward.

12. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage, a feed rack carried thereby, a feed pinion driven by said rack, a rotative member, a pawl and ratchet intermediate said pinion and rotative member to cause the latter to be turned by the advance of the carriage and permit a return movement of the carriage without turning the rotative member, an escapement .wheel connected to said rotative member by a lostmotion connection which enables the escapement wheel to be advanced relatively to said rotative member a limited distance, a spring which connects the escapement wheel and said rotative member and efi'ects such relative advance movement of the wheel, and stepping and holding dogs co-operative with said escapement wheel.

13. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a powerdriven carriage, a single escapeinent wheel that turns on a fixed axis, and means whereby the said wheel advancesa letter space distance at a con1- plete operation of a printing key even though the carriage does not advance a corresponding distance, thus permitting two types to print in one letter space on the paper, said means being so constructed that the carriage will subsequently advance and leave a blank space on the paper for the second character that had been crowded into the space ahead.

14. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage, a single escapement wheel operatively connected thereto, separate power means for advancing said wheel, and means for permitting a complete letter space movement of the escapement wheel by its separate power in advance of a complete letter feed movement of the carriage by its power. I 7

15. In a typewriting machine, the com bination of a power driven carriage, a single escapement wheel operatively connected to said carriage, a separate power means for the escapement wheel, and connections enabling said escapement wheel to advance one or more letter space distances under its own power means independently of the carriage advance under its power, so that under rapid operation of the machine the said escapement wheel may readily respond thereto and in so doing will take an abnormal or advance relation to said carriage; and said connections being such that when the operation of the machine ceases the final movement of the carriage will bring about again the normal or initial relationship between itself and said escapement wheel and said connections.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, of New York, in the county of New and State of New York, this 9th day of July A. D. 1928.

city

EDXVIN E. BARNEY.

lVitnesses:

CHARLES E. SMITH, E. M. ELLS.

York, d 

